Mechanisms of Cellular Communication in Immune Responses: Coordination and Dysregulation in Immunity and Disease

Abstract

Cellular communication is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system, enabling immune cells to detect, respond to, and eliminate pathogens. This process relies on complex signaling networks involving cell surface receptors, cytokines, and other signaling molecules. This article explores the mechanisms of cellular communication in immune responses, focusing on how immune cells interact with one another to coordinate an effective defense against infections. It discusses the roles of key immune cells such as T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, as well as the molecular signals that govern their activation, differentiation, and function. Furthermore, the article examines how dysregulation of immune communication can contribute to immune-related diseases, including autoimmunity, allergies, and immunodeficiencies.