Abstract
The evolution of resistance to antibiotics in microbial populations is a major public health concern that threatens the effectiveness of modern medicine. Antibiotic resistance occurs when microorganisms evolve mechanisms to survive exposure to drugs that would normally kill them or inhibit their growth. This article reviews the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, the factors driving its evolution, and the implications for public health. It discusses the role of genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressure in the development of resistance, as well as the impact of overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Additionally, the article explores strategies for combating antibiotic resistance, including the development of new antibiotics, alternative therapies, and improved antimicrobial stewardship.
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