Investigating the Role of Mitochondrial DNA

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) plays a crucial role in cellular energy production and is inherited exclusively through the maternal lineage. Mutations in mDNA can lead to a variety of inherited diseases, many of which affect tissues with high energy demands, such as muscles and the nervous system. This article explores the role of mitochondrial DNA in disease inheritance, examining the mechanisms of maternal inheritance, the impact of mDNA mutations on cellular function, and the clinical manifestations of mitochondrial diseases. It also discusses advances in mitochondrial research, potential therapeutic approaches, and challenges in diagnosing and treating mDNA-related disorders.