Computational Methods for Structural Design in Extreme Environments

Abstract

Structural design in extreme environments—such as polar regions, deep-sea habitats, and extraterrestrial terrains—poses complex engineering challenges due to severe loading conditions, material degradation, and unpredictable environmental factors. Recent advancements in computational mechanics, including finite element modeling, topology optimization, and machine learning-driven simulations, offer robust solutions for performance prediction and resilience design. This article reviews state-of-the-art computational methods applied in the structural engineering domain, with a focus on resilience, reliability, and adaptive capacity under harsh environmental conditions. The paper provides an analytical overview of simulation techniques and case studies, and proposes future directions for hybrid computational frameworks combining physics-based models with AI.