Abstract
Environmental pollution poses a critical threat to ecosystems and human health. Functional materials—engineered substances with tailored chemical and physical properties—are rapidly emerging as sustainable solutions for environmental remediation. This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the development of functional materials aimed at addressing air, water, and soil contamination. The discussion spans from nanomaterials and photocatalysts to bio-based adsorbents and membrane technologies. Emphasis is placed on the design principles, mechanisms of pollutant removal, and the integration of materials into scalable systems. Challenges in deployment and future perspectives for enhancing material selectivity, reusability, and sustainability are also highlighted.
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