Abstract
The synthesis of nanomaterials has seen remarkable progress over the past two decades, with significant implications for fields such as electronics, energy, catalysis, and biomedicine. However, the transition from laboratory-scale synthesis to industrial-scale production remains fraught with challenges. This article examines the primary obstacles in scaling up nanomaterial synthesis, including process reproducibility, quality control, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Various synthesis techniques—such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-gel, hydrothermal, and flame spray pyrolysis—are evaluated in terms of scalability. Additionally, this work highlights regulatory hurdles, supply chain limitations, and energy consumption concerns associated with industrial production. Strategies for overcoming these barriers, including automation, continuous flow reactors, and green synthesis routes, are discussed with a view toward enabling widespread commercial adoption.
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