Abstract
Smart materials, which are capable of responding to environmental stimuli in a controlled manner, are gaining significant attention in the development of autonomous systems and robotics. These materials, with their ability to alter properties such as shape, stiffness, or conductivity in response to external stimuli, offer unique capabilities for enhancing the performance and functionality of robots and autonomous systems. This article explores the role of smart materials in robotics, focusing on their applications in actuation, sensing, and energy harvesting. Additionally, it examines the challenges and future trends in integrating these materials into autonomous systems, highlighting the potential for creating more adaptive, efficient, and intelligent robotic systems. The review also includes discussions on piezoelectric, shape-memory, and magnetostrictive materials, which are among the most promising smart materials for robotics.
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