Nanostructured Materials for Water Desalination: Innovations and Challenges

Abstract

Water desalination is a crucial technology in addressing the growing global water scarcity. Nanostructured materials have emerged as innovative solutions for enhancing desalination processes by improving efficiency, selectivity, and energy consumption. This article explores the latest advancements in nanostructured materials used in reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and electrodialysis processes. While these materials show promise in addressing the pressing issue of freshwater scarcity, they also present challenges related to cost, scalability, and environmental impact. This review highlights the potential of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and nanocomposites, in revolutionizing desalination technologies and discusses the hurdles that need to be overcome to make these innovations viable on a large scale.