Abstract
Water is a fundamental molecule essential for all known forms of life. Its unique chemical properties—such as polarity, hydrogen bonding, and high heat capacity—enable biological functions critical to cellular processes, climate regulation, and biochemical reactions. This paper explores the molecular structure of water, its physical and chemical behaviors, and its indispensable role in sustaining life. Through an analysis of hydrogen bonding, solvation, and water's anomalous behavior, we examine its implications for biological systems and planetary habitability.
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