Abstract
Effective resource management is a cornerstone of sustainability, economic efficiency, and operational excellence in various domains, including agriculture, energy, transportation, and urban development. Mathematical models serve as powerful tools for optimizing resource allocation, minimizing waste, and enhancing decision-making processes. This paper reviews linear programming, dynamic modeling, stochastic methods, game theory, and machine learning integration to optimize the use of natural, economic, and human resources. Emphasis is placed on real-world applications and model efficiency in solving complex management problems under constraints and uncertainties.
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