OTA data consistency and transaction security optimization in hybrid cloud environments

Abstract

Hybrid cloud systems are widely used for over-the-air (OTA) software updates, but keeping data consistent and transactions reliable across different cloud providers is still difficult. This study built an improved 2PC+Raft method that combines the two-phase commit process with Raft replication, cache separation, and adaptive heartbeat control. The method was tested on 500 transaction tasks between Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure. The results showed a 99.9% consistency rate, a 0.7% timeout rate, a 19.3% shorter synchronization delay, and a 78% lower write-conflict rate compared with the standard 2PC–Paxos model. These findings show that coordinated commit control and simple heartbeat adjustment can keep OTA updates stable and reliable under hybrid cloud conditions. The method offers a practical way to improve transaction reliability in OTA systems and can be applied to smart vehicles, industrial control, and Internet-of-Things platforms.