Abstract
The development of mRNA vaccines has revolution3ized the field of immunization, particularly in the rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A critical component enabling the success of mRNA vaccines is the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which protect the fragile mRNA molecules and facilitate their delivery into host cells. This article explores the role of LNPs in mRNA vaccine development, focusing on their structure, mechanisms of delivery, advantages, and current challenges. It also discusses recent advancements and future prospects in optimizing LNP formulations for broader vaccine applications.
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