Bioinformatics in Understanding the Genetic Basis of Complex Diseases

Abstract

Complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are influenced by multiple genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Bioinformatics plays a key role in unraveling the genetic basis of these diseases by providing tools to analyze large-scale genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data. This article explores the use of bioinformatics techniques in identifying genetic variants associated with complex diseases, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and integrative multi-omics approaches. We discuss the challenges faced in understanding the genetic basis of complex diseases and highlight future directions for bioinformatics in advancing personalized medicine.